Research output, Market update,
CBAM and suppliers outside the EU
What the definitive CBAM phase means for exporters in Türkiye, the GCC and Africa.
The EU’s carbon border charge became a real cost on 1 January 2026. This briefing explains how CBAM works, what it will cost exporters of steel, aluminium, cement, fertiliser and hydrogen in Türkiye, the GCC and Africa as exposure rises to 2034, and six steps suppliers can take to protect their EU sales.
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